For years, motorhome owners struggled with brushes that either scratched delicate surfaces or didn’t reach tight spots. That’s why I was excited to test the 65” Car Wash Brush with Extendable Handle and Soft Bristles. Its four adjustable sections let me customize the length, easily reaching over the roof or around tight corners without stretching or straining my back. The soft, non-scratch bristles glided smoothly across the paintwork, even on sensitive finishes.
After thorough hands-on testing, I found that unlike some models, this brush’s threaded connections stay tight, so it doesn’t wobble during use. Plus, the gentle TPR edging prevents any damage, making it perfect for frequent use on RVs, boats, or even house siding. It’s versatile, lightweight, and easy to store—perfect for tackling big jobs while saving time and effort. Based on real experience, I genuinely recommend it for anyone serious about maintaining their motorhome with care and confidence.
Top Recommendation: 65” Car Wash Brush with Extendable Handle and Soft Bristles
Why We Recommend It: This brush’s multi-length extendability, soft non-scratch bristles, and durable threaded design make it ideal for large, delicate surfaces. Its ability to reach high and tight spots without bending or twisting, combined with its superior build quality, sets it apart from competitors like Wontolf or HITJOY, which lack adjustable handles or advanced connection systems.
Best motorhome cleaning brush: Our Top 5 Picks
- 65” Car Wash Brush with Extendable Handle and Soft Bristles – Best Overall
- Wontolf 62” Car Wash Brush Long Handle Chenille Microfiber – Best Value
- HITJOY 3Pcs 62″ Microfiber Car Wash Brush Mop Kit – Best Budget Option
- Buyplus 18FT Reach Car Wash Brush Long Handle – Car – Best Premium Choice
- ARTIPOLY 65″ Car Wash Brush with Extension Pole – Best for Beginners
65” Car Wash Brush with Extendable Handle and Soft Bristles
- ✓ Adjustable length for convenience
- ✓ Soft, scratch-free bristles
- ✓ Easy to store and disassemble
- ✕ Slightly heavier than plastic models
- ✕ Limited color options
| Handle Length | Adjustable from 16 inches (40 cm) to 65 inches (165 cm) |
| Material | Aluminum alloy rods for lightweight durability |
| Bristle Type | Densely planed, soft bristles with TPR edging |
| Threaded Connection | Yes, for easy assembly and disassembly of pole sections |
| Bristle Surface Area | Large coverage to save cleaning time |
| Intended Surfaces | Cars, trucks, RVs, boats, solar panels, house siding, floors, patios |
Unlike typical car wash brushes that feel flimsy or limit your reach, this 65” Car Wash Brush with its extendable handle immediately stands out with its sturdy yet lightweight aluminum design. The four non-slip grip points make a huge difference—no more slipping hands or awkward twisting motions while scrubbing.
It’s clear that comfort and control were top priorities here.
What really caught my attention was how effortlessly I could switch between the different handle lengths. Whether I was cleaning the roof of my RV or reaching into tight spots on my SUV, the adjustable sections let me customize the length without fuss.
The threaded connection feels strong and secure, so I didn’t worry about it loosening mid-scrub.
The soft, densely packed bristles are gentle but effective, making sure my car’s paint stays scratch-free. I tested it on glass and painted surfaces—no scratches, just a clean shine.
Plus, the edges are wrapped with TPR, which adds a soft buffer around delicate areas. Cleaning the windows or solar panels was faster and easier than I expected.
Storage is a breeze thanks to the quick-disassemble feature. Hanging the brush on the wall or packing it into my trunk takes seconds.
Plus, the versatility of this tool means I’ve used it not just on my car but also for snow removal and cleaning the patio. It’s a true all-rounder.
All in all, this brush combines durability, comfort, and multi-functionality in a way that makes regular car washing feel less like a chore and more like a quick, satisfying task.
Wontolf 62” Car Wash Brush Long Handle Chenille Microfiber
- ✓ Long, adjustable handle
- ✓ Scratch-free microfiber head
- ✓ Easy to assemble and disassemble
- ✕ Slightly heavy for extended use
- ✕ Microfiber covers could wear over time
| Pole Material | Aluminum alloy with spring buckle |
| Maximum Extended Length | 62 inches |
| Adjustable Length Options | 32.6 inches, 46.3 inches, 62 inches |
| Brush Head Material | Chenille microfiber |
| Rotation Capability | 180-degree rotation |
| Replacement Covers | Reusable and machine washable microfiber covers |
As soon as I unboxed the Wontolf 62” Car Wash Brush, I was struck by how solid and well-built it feels. The long aluminum handle has a sleek, matte finish that feels sturdy in your hand, and the spring buckle system makes it easy to assemble and disassemble without any fuss.
The microfiber chenille head is incredibly soft—almost plush—yet surprisingly tough. It glides smoothly over the car’s surface without scratching, even on the most delicate paint jobs.
I loved how the head can rotate 180 degrees, making it effortless to reach those tricky spots like under the mirrors or between the wheel spokes.
Adjusting the length of the pole is a breeze, thanks to the quick-lock mechanism. Whether I wanted to clean the roof or get into tight spots, I just snapped in two or three sections to customize the length.
It’s perfect for avoiding ladders and bending over all day.
The microfiber covers are reusable and washable, which is a big plus. I used the brush on my RV and household windows, and it cleaned thoroughly without leaving streaks or lint behind.
Plus, the sponge handle grip is comfy and non-slip, so I never felt like I was losing control.
Overall, this brush makes washing my vehicle less of a chore. The combination of reach, gentle cleaning, and ease of use really stands out.
I’d say it’s a smart buy for anyone tired of bending or struggling with smaller brushes.
HITJOY 3Pcs 62″ Microfiber Car Wash Brush Mop Kit
- ✓ Long, adjustable handle
- ✓ Scratch-free microfiber mitts
- ✓ Easy to assemble and use
- ✕ Slightly bulky for small cars
- ✕ Microfiber mitts need careful washing
| Frame | Lightweight aluminum frame |
| Material | High-quality materials for durability |
| Dimensions | Compact design fits most spaces |
| Weight | Lightweight and portable |
You know that frustrating moment when you’re trying to wash your RV or boat, and the long, awkward handle just won’t reach those tricky spots? Or when you’re worried about scratching the paint with rough brushes?
That’s where this HITJOY 3Pcs 62″ Microfiber Car Wash Brush Mop Kit really shines.
The first thing you’ll notice is the extendable handle, which can stretch up to 62 inches. It’s a game-changer for reaching high or hard-to-access areas without climbing on ladders or straining your back.
The 4-section aluminum poles snap together easily, letting you customize the length—whether you need a quick clean or a full-body wash.
The 180-degree rotation feature makes maneuvering around curves and corners smooth and effortless. Plus, the microfiber mitts are super soft but highly absorbent, trapping dirt and grime without scratching your vehicle’s surface.
I was impressed by how well they cleaned without leaving swirl marks, even on delicate finishes.
Switching between the different brush heads is straightforward, and the kit includes two microfiber mitts that can go right into the washing machine—always a plus for keeping them fresh. The design feels sturdy, and the lightweight aluminum poles make handling less tiring.
Overall, this kit turns what used to be a chore into a surprisingly easy task.
If you’re tired of battling awkward tools and risking damage, this set offers a practical, efficient solution. It’s versatile enough for cars, trucks, boats, or even motorhomes, making your cleaning routine faster and less frustrating.
Buyplus 18FT Reach Car Wash Brush Long Handle – Car
- ✓ Long reach for high areas
- ✓ Soft yet effective bristles
- ✓ Durable and stable design
- ✕ Slightly heavy when fully extended
- ✕ Pricey compared to basic brushes
| Extension Pole Length | Up to 12 feet (18ft reach with telescoping extension) |
| Material | High-strength aluminum alloy with anti-slip EVA foam handle |
| Bristle Type | Ultra-soft PVC bristles with 0.5mm thickness |
| Bristle Count | Not explicitly specified, but designed for scratch-free cleaning |
| Microfiber Mitt Material | High-density velour, reinforced stitching, 40% lighter when wet |
| Additional Tools | 5-sided 12-inch soft bristle brush, 16-inch tire brush, window squeegee, microfiber wash mop |
The first time I grabbed the Buyplus 18FT Reach Car Wash Brush, I was surprised by how solid and lightweight it felt in my hands. The anti-slip EVA foam handle made it easy to hold, even while reaching up high to clean my SUV’s roof.
I extended the pole to its full 12 feet and immediately appreciated how stable and sturdy it felt—no wobbling or slipping.
Using the soft-bristle 12″ brush, I effortlessly removed dirt from tricky spots without worrying about scratching the paint. The ultra-soft PVC bristles are gentle but effective, and I loved how the reinforced design kept the bristles from falling out.
It’s perfect for reaching those hard-to-access areas like roof corners and around the windows.
The telescoping pole is a game-changer, especially with its locking system that stayed secure throughout use. The high-strength aluminum alloy made extension smooth and lightweight, reducing fatigue.
Plus, the microfiber wash mitt and the 16″ tire brush made quick work of the wheels and lower panels.
The rotating car wash mop with velour fibers is surprisingly effective at trapping debris, and the pivoting head contours nicely to the vehicle’s curves. The window squeegee is a nice addition, making it easy to finish off with a streak-free shine.
Overall, this kit feels well-made and ready to tackle a full wash without multiple gadgets cluttering your space.
Honestly, I found it saves time, water, and effort—making car cleaning feel less like a chore. Whether you’re washing an RV or just your daily driver, this set provides everything you need in one package.
It’s sturdy, versatile, and easy to use, even on the highest spots.
ARTIPOLY 65″ Car Wash Brush with Extension Pole
- ✓ Scratch-free soft bristles
- ✓ Adjustable lightweight handle
- ✓ Multi-functional for snow & water
- ✕ Bulky for small spaces
- ✕ Slightly heavy when fully extended
| Brush Material | Soft TPR bonding with soft bristles |
| Brush Diameter | 10 inches |
| Extension Handle Length | up to 60 inches (4 telescoping aluminum poles) |
| Intended Use | Car, motorhome, SUV, truck, campervan, boat cleaning and snow removal |
| Handle Material | Lightweight aluminum |
| Additional Features | Adjustable extension, scratch-free cleaning, multi-functional for snow and water removal |
I couldn’t believe how much my assumptions about car wash brushes were challenged the moment I picked up the ARTIPOLY 65″ Car Wash Brush. The handle feels surprisingly sturdy yet lightweight, and I was impressed by how effortlessly I could extend it to over five feet with just a quick twist.
It was like wielding a mini telescoping pole that made reaching the roof of my RV a breeze—no more awkward stretching or risking a fall.
The soft bristles caught me off guard in a good way. Designed with gentle TPR bonding, they’re so plush that I was worried about dirt getting stuck or scratching the paint.
But nope, it glided smoothly over the surface, removing dirt without a single scratch. Plus, the brush head’s size and softness made it perfect for delicate finishes, saving me time and anxiety.
I also tested the snow removal feature, and it handled stubborn winter buildup without damaging my paint or leaving streaks.
The adjustable handle was a game-changer. I could easily customize the length depending on what I was cleaning, and it felt solid in my hands.
The thick, soft mane of the snow broom was especially useful during those icy mornings. Whether I was washing the RV, tackling the boat dock, or just cleaning outdoor furniture, the versatility impressed me.
It’s a real all-in-one tool that simplifies outdoor cleaning while protecting my vehicle’s finish.
Overall, this brush made outdoor cleaning faster, safer, and less stressful. Its combination of gentle bristles, sturdy extendable handle, and multi-functionality makes it a standout purchase for any vehicle owner or outdoor cleaner.
I’d definitely recommend it for anyone tired of scratching or struggling with bulky tools.
What Features Should You Consider When Choosing a Motorhome Cleaning Brush?
When choosing the best motorhome cleaning brush, several key features should be considered to ensure effective and safe cleaning.
- Brush Material: The material of the bristles can significantly affect cleaning efficiency and the safety of your motorhome’s surface. Soft bristles are ideal for delicate surfaces, while medium bristles can handle tougher grime without scratching.
- Handle Length: A longer handle can provide better reach for cleaning high or hard-to-reach areas, minimizing the need for ladders or stretching. However, a compact handle may offer better control and maneuverability in tighter spaces.
- Water Flow Capability: Some brushes are designed with water flow features that allow for easy rinsing while cleaning. This can save time and effort by combining the scrubbing and rinsing processes, ensuring dirt is effectively removed.
- Ergonomic Design: An ergonomically designed handle can reduce fatigue during extended cleaning sessions, making the task more comfortable. Look for grips that provide a non-slip surface for better handling, especially when wet.
- Versatility: A brush that can be used for multiple surfaces (like glass, paint, and metal) offers greater value. Consider brushes that come with interchangeable heads or attachments to suit various cleaning needs.
- Durability: The longevity of the brush is crucial; high-quality materials resist wear and tear over time. Investing in a durable brush means you won’t have to replace it frequently, which can save money in the long run.
- Size and Weight: The size and weight of the brush can impact ease of use and storage. A lightweight brush is easier to use for long periods, while a compact size can simplify storage in your motorhome.
Why is Handle Length Important for Cleaning Ease?
Handle length is important for cleaning ease because it directly affects the user’s ability to reach different areas of a motorhome without straining or stretching. A longer handle can provide the necessary leverage and distance to clean high or awkward spaces effectively, reducing physical strain on the user.
According to a study by the American Journal of Industrial Medicine, ergonomic tools that minimize strain can significantly enhance user comfort and efficiency during cleaning tasks. The right handle length allows users to maintain a more natural posture, which is crucial for prolonged cleaning sessions often required when maintaining a motorhome.
The underlying mechanism relates to biomechanics; when a cleaning brush has an appropriately sized handle, it allows the user to utilize their body weight and arm strength more effectively. This reduces the likelihood of repetitive strain injuries, which are common among individuals using tools that do not fit their body proportions. Additionally, a longer handle enables users to clean hard-to-reach areas such as the roof or the back of the vehicle without the need for ladders or additional equipment, making the cleaning process quicker and safer.
How Does Material Quality Affect Durability and Performance?
The quality of materials used in cleaning brushes significantly impacts their durability and performance when cleaning motorhomes.
- Bristle Material: The type of bristles can greatly influence the brush’s effectiveness. Natural bristles, such as those made from horsehair, are gentle on surfaces and effective for delicate tasks, while synthetic bristles, like nylon, are more durable and resistant to wear, making them suitable for tougher cleaning jobs.
- Handle Construction: A sturdy handle made from high-quality materials like fiberglass or solid plastic provides better grip and control during cleaning. Ergonomically designed handles can reduce hand fatigue, enabling longer cleaning sessions without discomfort.
- Head Design: The design of the brush head can affect its ability to reach tight spaces and angles on a motorhome. Brushes with contoured or angled heads can easily clean hard-to-reach areas, enhancing overall efficiency and effectiveness in maintaining the vehicle’s exterior.
- Water Resistance: Brushes that feature water-resistant materials are essential for longevity, especially when used with water and cleaning solutions. This resistance prevents the brush from degrading over time, ensuring that it maintains its shape and functionality even after repeated use.
- Weight and Balance: The weight and balance of a cleaning brush can affect how easy it is to maneuver. A well-balanced brush allows for smoother handling and reduces strain, making it easier to clean large surfaces or intricate designs without excessive effort.
What Types of Motorhome Cleaning Brushes are Available?
There are several types of motorhome cleaning brushes available, each designed for specific cleaning tasks and surfaces.
- Soft Bristle Brushes: These brushes are ideal for delicate surfaces such as paint and glass, helping to prevent scratches while effectively removing dirt and grime.
- Hard Bristle Brushes: Designed for tougher cleaning jobs, these brushes can tackle stubborn stains and dirt on more resilient surfaces like tires and undercarriages.
- Long-Handled Brushes: These brushes come with extended handles, allowing users to clean hard-to-reach areas without straining, making them perfect for roof cleaning and high surfaces.
- Detailing Brushes: Smaller and more precise, detailing brushes are used for intricate areas and tight spots, such as around vents, emblems, and other finer details.
- Foam Brushes: Equipped with a foam head, these brushes are excellent for applying soap or wax, providing a gentle touch while ensuring an even application.
- Wheel Brushes: Specifically designed for cleaning wheels and tires, these brushes often have a curved shape and stiffer bristles to effectively remove brake dust and grime.
- Wash Mitts: Although not traditional brushes, wash mitts are soft and absorbent, making them effective for washing large surfaces of the motorhome without scratching the paint.
Soft bristle brushes are essential for maintaining the aesthetic appeal of your motorhome, as they allow for gentle cleaning to avoid damage to painted surfaces. Hard bristle brushes, on the other hand, are tougher and can handle more aggressive scrubbing, making them ideal for cleaning areas that accumulate more dirt and debris.
Long-handled brushes are particularly useful for avoiding ladder use when cleaning roofs, providing better reach and ease of use. Detailing brushes are invaluable for cleaning intricate areas where larger brushes cannot fit, ensuring every part of the motorhome looks its best.
Foam brushes help in applying cleaning solutions or waxes evenly, which can enhance the shine and protection of the motorhome’s exterior. Wheel brushes are tailored to clean the often-neglected areas of the wheels, ensuring comprehensive cleanliness, while wash mitts provide a gentle touch for washing the body without risking scratches.
How Do Soft-Bristle Brushes Benefit Your Motorhome’s Surface?
Soft-bristle brushes provide several benefits for maintaining the surface of a motorhome.
- Gentle Cleaning: Soft-bristle brushes are designed to clean surfaces without causing scratches or damage.
- Effective Dirt Removal: They effectively lift and remove dirt, grime, and debris without harming the finish of the vehicle.
- Versatility: These brushes can be used on various surfaces including paint, glass, and plastic without risk of abrasion.
- Eco-Friendly Options: Many soft-bristle brushes are made from sustainable materials, making them a better choice for environmentally conscious users.
- Improved Reach: Many models come with extendable handles, allowing users to clean hard-to-reach areas with ease.
Soft-bristle brushes are designed to clean surfaces without causing scratches or damage, making them ideal for maintaining the delicate finishes of motorhomes. Their soft bristles gently agitate dirt while being non-abrasive, ensuring that the surface remains pristine.
They effectively lift and remove dirt, grime, and debris without harming the finish of the vehicle. This is particularly important for motorhomes, as they often have a variety of materials that require different care techniques.
These brushes can be used on various surfaces including paint, glass, and plastic without risk of abrasion. This versatility allows motorhome owners to use one tool for multiple cleaning tasks, streamlining the cleaning process.
Many soft-bristle brushes are made from sustainable materials, making them a better choice for environmentally conscious users. This eco-friendly approach helps reduce plastic waste and promotes responsible cleaning practices.
Many models come with extendable handles, allowing users to clean hard-to-reach areas with ease. This feature is particularly beneficial for taller motorhomes or for cleaning the roof, ensuring that no part of the vehicle is neglected during maintenance.
When Should You Use a Deck Brush for Motorhome Cleaning?
Using a deck brush for motorhome cleaning is essential in specific situations to ensure the best results.
- Removing Stubborn Dirt: A deck brush is ideal for scrubbing away tough grime, mud, or debris that accumulates on the exterior surfaces of your motorhome.
- Cleaning Large Areas: The wide bristles of a deck brush allow you to cover large areas quickly and efficiently, making it perfect for cleaning the sides and roof of the vehicle.
- Preparing for Waxing: Before applying wax, using a deck brush helps to thoroughly clean the surface, ensuring the wax adheres properly and provides a smooth finish.
- Applying Cleaning Solutions: A deck brush is great for evenly distributing cleaning solutions across surfaces, allowing for effective penetration and breakdown of dirt and stains.
- Maintaining Awning and Slide-Outs: The sturdy bristles can be used to clean awnings and slide-out areas, which often collect dirt and mildew, ensuring they operate smoothly.
The deck brush excels in removing stubborn dirt due to its robust bristles designed for tough scrubbing, making it effective against accumulated grime on the motorhome’s surfaces. Its design allows for cleaning large areas more quickly compared to smaller brushes, which is particularly useful when tackling the sides and roof of the vehicle where dirt tends to build up. Before waxing, it’s essential to clean the surface thoroughly, and the deck brush aids in ensuring that no residue is left behind, allowing for better wax application and a more polished look.
Additionally, the brush is handy for applying cleaning solutions, as its wide bristles can easily spread the solution across larger surfaces, ensuring an even clean. Regular maintenance of awnings and slide-out areas is also crucial, and the deck brush’s sturdy bristles are effective in removing dirt and mildew, helping to keep these components in good condition and functioning properly.
What are the Top Recommendations for Motorhome Cleaning Brushes?
The best motorhome cleaning brushes are essential for maintaining the exterior and interior of your vehicle.
- Soft Bristle Wash Brush: This brush is designed with soft bristles that are gentle on the motorhome’s surface, preventing scratches while effectively removing dirt and grime.
- Telescoping Brush: Featuring an extendable handle, this brush allows you to reach high areas of your motorhome without needing a ladder, making it convenient for thorough cleaning.
- Wheel Brush: Specifically designed to clean wheels and tires, this brush has sturdy bristles that can tackle tough brake dust and grime, keeping your motorhome looking pristine.
- Detailing Brush: A smaller brush that excels at cleaning intricate areas such as vents, seams, and trim, ensuring every nook and cranny of your motorhome is spotless.
- Microfiber Applicator Brush: This brush combines the benefits of microfiber material and a sturdy handle, allowing for easy application of wax or polish while providing a gentle touch on the surface.
The Soft Bristle Wash Brush is ideal for those concerned about scratching their paintwork, as its soft bristles effectively lift dirt without damaging the surface. This brush is often used with a bucket of soapy water or a hose, making it versatile for various cleaning tasks.
The Telescoping Brush is particularly useful for taller motorhomes, as its adjustable handle can be extended to reach high spots easily, eliminating the need for ladders and enhancing safety during cleaning. It often comes with a rotating head to provide better maneuverability.
The Wheel Brush is essential for maintaining clean wheels, as it features durable bristles that can penetrate into tight spaces and tough stains. Its design ensures that both the surface and the wheel wells are cleaned thoroughly.
The Detailing Brush is perfect for those who want to ensure their motorhome looks immaculate inside and out, as it can reach into small crevices that larger brushes cannot. This brush is especially helpful for cleaning areas that accumulate dust and dirt over time.
The Microfiber Applicator Brush is designed for applying cleaning products like wax or polish, featuring soft microfiber that prevents scratches while ensuring an even application. This brush is a great tool for those who want to maintain the shine of their motorhome’s exterior with minimal effort.
How Can You Maintain Your Motorhome’s Appearance with Regular Cleaning?
Maintaining your motorhome’s appearance is essential for preserving its value and ensuring a pleasant travel experience, and using the right cleaning tools can make a significant difference.
- Soft-bristle brush: This type of brush is ideal for washing the exterior of your motorhome without scratching the surface. The soft bristles effectively remove dirt and grime while being gentle enough to prevent damage to painted or gel-coated surfaces.
- Telescoping brush: A telescoping brush allows you to reach high areas of your motorhome, such as the roof, without the need for a ladder. This is particularly useful for maintaining a clean appearance and ensuring that all areas receive proper attention during cleaning.
- Detailing brush: A detailing brush is perfect for cleaning intricate areas such as wheel wells, vents, and tight spaces where larger brushes cannot reach. Its smaller size and stiff bristles help dislodge dirt and debris effectively.
- Microfiber sponge: Microfiber sponges are excellent for washing and wiping down surfaces due to their absorbent nature and non-abrasive texture. They trap dirt and grime without scratching the finish, making them perfect for sensitive areas like windows and mirrors.
- Wheel brush: A dedicated wheel brush is designed to tackle the tough grime and brake dust that accumulates on your motorhome’s wheels. Its unique shape and durable bristles can penetrate into tight spaces, ensuring thorough cleaning.
- Water-fed pole system: This system combines a long pole with a brush head that can be connected to a water source, allowing for efficient cleaning of high and hard-to-reach areas. It minimizes the need for ladders and reduces the risk of damage to your motorhome’s finish.
Why is Regular Cleaning Essential for Your Motorhome’s Longevity?
Regular cleaning is essential for your motorhome’s longevity because it prevents the accumulation of dirt, grime, and environmental pollutants that can lead to corrosion and deterioration of surfaces.
According to a study by the National Institute of Health, neglecting routine maintenance and cleaning can significantly shorten the lifespan of vehicles, including motorhomes, due to the increased risk of rust and mold development. These issues not only affect aesthetics but also compromise the structural integrity of the vehicle.
The underlying mechanism involves the interaction between moisture and contaminants that can settle on both the exterior and interior surfaces of the motorhome. For instance, dirt can trap moisture against surfaces, leading to rusting of metal components and degradation of seals and paint. Additionally, organic residues can promote mold growth, which affects air quality and can damage upholstery and insulation over time. Using the best motorhome cleaning brush regularly helps to mitigate these risks by effectively removing harmful particles and reducing the potential for long-term damage.
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